El uso de Pictogramas para fortalecer el Lenguaje Comunicativo en un niño de 6 años con Síndrome de Down.
Fecha
2025-09
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
El presente estudio de caso se centra en un niño de 6 años diagnosticado con síndrome de Down. Esta condición es una de las causas más comunes de discapacidad intelectual y suele relacionarse con un desarrollo más lento a nivel cognitivo y con ciertas limitaciones en la autonomía (Roizen, 2003). De acuerdo con Jarrold y Baddeley (2001), el síndrome de Down no solo influye en la adquisición de destrezas, sino también en el lenguaje, ya que los niños presentan dificultades para comprender, expresarse verbalmente y retener información auditiva de manera inmediata (p. 18). En este caso, el niño asiste a una institución educativa especializada donde comparte el aula con otros estudiantes que también tienen diversas discapacidades. No obstante, sus problemas de comunicación oral limitan la manera en que interactúa con docentes y compañeros, afectando directamente su integración en el entorno escolar. Este estudio parte del siguiente problema ¿Cómo influye la implementación de pictogramas en el fortalecimiento del lenguaje comunicativo en un niño con Síndrome de Down? A partir de esta pregunta, se derivan las siguientes interrogantes específicas que orientan el desarrollo del presente estudio. ¿Cuál es el nivel del lenguaje comunicativo que presenta 2 actualmente el niño? ¿Cómo debe diseñarse un plan de intervención con pictogramas para favorecer la comprensión y producción del lenguaje en el niño? ¿Es efectivo un plan de intervención con pictogramas para favorecer el lenguaje comunicativo en el niño? En base a la formulación del problema se ha desarrollado el objetivo general: implementar el uso de los pictogramas para fortalecer el desarrollo del lenguaje comunicativo del niño, y de las interrogantes de la investigación tenemos los objetivos específicos: identificar el nivel de lenguaje y sus necesidades comunicativas mediante una evaluación inicial, diseñar un plan de intervención con pictogramas para favorecer la comprensión y producción del lenguaje y, finalmente, aplicar el plan de intervención para promover el desarrollo del lenguaje comunicativo del niño. La metodología empleada corresponde a un enfoque mixto. Según el autor (Hernández, 2021), la investigación mixta busca aprovechar lo mejor de ambos enfoques, reduciendo sus limitaciones (p. 612). Esto quiere decir que, se combinaran herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas para lograr una comprensión integral del desarrollo del lenguaje comunicativo del niño. El componente cuantitativo se ve reflejado con la aplicación de la “Prueba de Lenguaje Oral Navarra – Revisada (PLON-R)” como prueba diagnóstica inicial y final, lo que permite obtener datos medibles sobre el nivel de comprensión y expresión verbal. Por otro lado, el componente cualitativo se basa en la observación sistemática del comportamiento comunicativo del niño en situaciones reales del aula, permitiendo analizar en profundidad los cambios en su interacción social y uso funcional del lenguaje.
This case study focuses on a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with Down syndrome. This condition is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability and is often associated with slower cognitive development and certain limitations in autonomy (Roizen, 2003). According to Jarrold and Baddeley (2001), Down syndrome not only affects the acquisition of skills but also language, as children with Down syndrome have difficulty understanding, expressing themselves verbally, and immediately retaining auditory information (p. 18). In this case, the boy attends a specialized educational institution where he shares a classroom with other students who also have various disabilities. However, his oral communication difficulties limit how he interacts with teachers and classmates, directly affecting his integration into the school environment. This study begins with the following question: How does the implementation of pictograms influence the strengthening of communicative language in a child with Down syndrome? From this question, the following specific questions arise, guiding the development of this study. What is the child's current level of communicative language? How should an intervention plan using pictograms be designed to promote language comprehension and production? Is an intervention plan using pictograms effective in promoting communicative language in children? Based on the problem statement, the general objective was developed: to implement the use of pictograms to strengthen the child's communicative language development. From the research questions, the specific objectives were developed: to identify the child's language level and communicative needs through an initial assessment; to design an intervention plan using pictograms to promote language comprehension and production; and finally, to implement the intervention plan to promote the child's communicative language development. The methodology employed corresponds to a mixed-methods approach. According to the author (Hernández, 2021), mixed-methods research seeks to leverage the best of both approaches while reducing their limitations (p. 612). This means that qualitative and quantitative tools will be combined to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the child's communicative language development. The quantitative component is reflected in the application of the "Navarra Oral Language Test – Revised (PLON-R)" as an initial and final diagnostic test, which allows for obtaining measurable data on the level of verbal comprehension and expression. On the other hand, the qualitative component is based on the systematic observation of the child's communicative behavior in real classroom situations, allowing for an in-depth analysis of changes in their social interaction and functional use of language.
This case study focuses on a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with Down syndrome. This condition is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability and is often associated with slower cognitive development and certain limitations in autonomy (Roizen, 2003). According to Jarrold and Baddeley (2001), Down syndrome not only affects the acquisition of skills but also language, as children with Down syndrome have difficulty understanding, expressing themselves verbally, and immediately retaining auditory information (p. 18). In this case, the boy attends a specialized educational institution where he shares a classroom with other students who also have various disabilities. However, his oral communication difficulties limit how he interacts with teachers and classmates, directly affecting his integration into the school environment. This study begins with the following question: How does the implementation of pictograms influence the strengthening of communicative language in a child with Down syndrome? From this question, the following specific questions arise, guiding the development of this study. What is the child's current level of communicative language? How should an intervention plan using pictograms be designed to promote language comprehension and production? Is an intervention plan using pictograms effective in promoting communicative language in children? Based on the problem statement, the general objective was developed: to implement the use of pictograms to strengthen the child's communicative language development. From the research questions, the specific objectives were developed: to identify the child's language level and communicative needs through an initial assessment; to design an intervention plan using pictograms to promote language comprehension and production; and finally, to implement the intervention plan to promote the child's communicative language development. The methodology employed corresponds to a mixed-methods approach. According to the author (Hernández, 2021), mixed-methods research seeks to leverage the best of both approaches while reducing their limitations (p. 612). This means that qualitative and quantitative tools will be combined to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the child's communicative language development. The quantitative component is reflected in the application of the "Navarra Oral Language Test – Revised (PLON-R)" as an initial and final diagnostic test, which allows for obtaining measurable data on the level of verbal comprehension and expression. On the other hand, the qualitative component is based on the systematic observation of the child's communicative behavior in real classroom situations, allowing for an in-depth analysis of changes in their social interaction and functional use of language.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Pictogramas, Lenguaje Comunicativo, Síndrome de Down, Niño
Citación
Rojas, C. N. (2025). El uso de Pictogramas para fortalecer el Lenguaje Comunicativo en un niño de 6 años con Síndrome de Down. Psicología Educativa. Universidad de Otavalo.



