El valor probatorio del testimonio anticipado en delitos sexuales frente al principio de contradicción y el derecho al Debido Proceso en la Legislación Procesal Penal Ecuatoriana.
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2022-09
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
En el presente artículo abordó la problemática referente al excesivo valor probatorio otorgado al testimonio anticipado cuando se trata del juzgamiento de delitos de
naturaleza sexual. Esta preponderancia que se le otorga a este medio de prueba, en ocasiones desencadena la vulneración al principio de contradicción en materia procesal penal y por consiguiente transgrede el derecho constitucional al debido proceso. Este medio probatorio se encuentra regulado en el artículo 502, numeral 2, del Código Orgánico Integral Penal (2014). El objetivo fundamental del artículo se centró en analizar si la práctica judicial que convierte el testimonio anticipado en la prueba
fundamental del proceso, cuando se juzga delitos sexuales, vulnera el supra citado principio constitucional de contradicción y en consecuencia también el derecho al
debido proceso penal; toda vez que esta actuación se contrapone con lo que indica el propio artículo 502 del COIP, mismo que es enfático al señalar que “el testimonio se
valorará en el contexto de toda la declaración rendida y en relación con las otras pruebas que sean presentadas”. Así mismo, el testimonio anticipado puede ser introducido en la etapa de juicio sin la posibilidad de ser refutado y con un valor probatorio incuestionable. A través del estudio de casos concretos y de los instrumentos normativos y, doctrinales se puede valorar este medio probatorio desde una perspectiva crítica y analítica, sobre todo como influye o desvirtúa el principio de contradicción en materia procesal y su incidencia directa en el derecho constitucional al debido proceso. Elementos que deben mantenerse en principal observancia como garantía jurisdiccional.
This article addresses the problem regarding the excessive probative value given to early testimony when it comes to the prosecution of crimes of a sexual nature. This preponderance that is given to this means of proof, sometimes triggers violation of the principle of contradiction in criminal procedural matters and therefore violation of the constitutional right to due process. This means of evidence is regulated in article 502 number 2 of the Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code (2014) and the fundamental objective of the article focuses on analyzing whether the judicial practice by converting the anticipated testimony into the fundamental evidence of the process, when crimes are judged violation of constitutional principles and rights, since this action contradicts what is indicated in article 502 of the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code (2014), which is emphatic in stating that "the testimony will be valued in the context of the entire statement rendered and in relation to the other evidence that may be presented. Likewise, the anticipated testimony can be introduced at the trial stage without the possibility that it can be refuted and with unquestionable probative value. Through the study of specific cases and the normative and doctrinal instruments, this means of evidence can be assessed from a critical and analytical perspective, especially how it influences or distorts principles of criminal law such as that of contradiction in procedural matters and its direct impact on the constitutional right to due process. Elements that must be maintained in main observance, since they are part of the guarantees protected within the constitutional right to due process.
This article addresses the problem regarding the excessive probative value given to early testimony when it comes to the prosecution of crimes of a sexual nature. This preponderance that is given to this means of proof, sometimes triggers violation of the principle of contradiction in criminal procedural matters and therefore violation of the constitutional right to due process. This means of evidence is regulated in article 502 number 2 of the Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code (2014) and the fundamental objective of the article focuses on analyzing whether the judicial practice by converting the anticipated testimony into the fundamental evidence of the process, when crimes are judged violation of constitutional principles and rights, since this action contradicts what is indicated in article 502 of the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code (2014), which is emphatic in stating that "the testimony will be valued in the context of the entire statement rendered and in relation to the other evidence that may be presented. Likewise, the anticipated testimony can be introduced at the trial stage without the possibility that it can be refuted and with unquestionable probative value. Through the study of specific cases and the normative and doctrinal instruments, this means of evidence can be assessed from a critical and analytical perspective, especially how it influences or distorts principles of criminal law such as that of contradiction in procedural matters and its direct impact on the constitutional right to due process. Elements that must be maintained in main observance, since they are part of the guarantees protected within the constitutional right to due process.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Testimonio Anticipado, Prueba, Contradicción, Delitos Sexuales
Citación
Iza, R. E. y Chancosa, E. A. (2022). El valor probatorio del testimonio anticipado en delitos sexuales frente al principio de contradicción y el derecho al Debido Proceso en la Legislación Procesal Penal Ecuatoriana. Maestría en Derecho Penal mención Derecho Procesal Penal. Universidad de Otavalo.