La Efectividad de la Investigación en casos de Reconstrucción de la Escena del Crimen en Ecuador.
Fecha
2025-12
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Editor
Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
El presente estudio examinó la efectividad de la reconstrucción de la escena del crimen en Ecuador, valorando su contribución al esclarecimiento de la verdad objetiva dentro del sistema de justicia penal. El propósito central fue identificar cómo se aplicaron las prácticas forenses, la gestión de indicios materiales y la incorporación de tecnologías en la calidad y precisión de la reconstrucción de eventos criminales, así como en la garantía del debido proceso. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque mixto que integró análisis documental jurídico- normativo con análisis estadístico descriptivo. El componente cuantitativo analizó estadísticamente los registros de muertes violentas del período 2015-2024 y homicidios del período 2019-2024 del Ministerio del Interior. El componente cualitativo se desarrolló mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco expertos del sistema de justicia penal ecuatoriano: un fiscal especializado, un perito criminalista, un médico legista, un agente de policía judicial y un juez penal. Los resultados evidenciaron avances significativos en la adopción de herramientas tecnológicas, mayor articulación interinstitucional y el fortalecimiento técnico del personal, aunque persistieron limitaciones estructurales, especialmente en contextos rurales o con alta complejidad sociocultural. Asimismo, se identificó una necesidad urgente de uniformar los protocolos de recolección, conservación y análisis de evidencia.
This study examined the effectiveness of crime scene reconstruction in Ecuador, assessing its contribution to establishing objective truth within the criminal justice system. The central purpose was to identify how forensic practices, the management of physical evidence, and the incorporation of technologies impacted the quality and accuracy of criminal event reconstruction, as well as the guarantee of due process. To this end, a mixed- methods approach was employed, integrating legal and regulatory document analysis with descriptive statistical analysis. The quantitative component statistically analyzed records of violent deaths from 2015 to 2024 and homicides from 2019 to 2024 from the Ministry of the Interior. The qualitative component was developed through semi-structured interviews with five experts from the Ecuadorian criminal justice system: a specialized prosecutor, a forensic expert, a medical examiner, a judicial police officer, and a criminal judge. The results showed significant progress in the adoption of technological tools, greater inter- institutional coordination, and the technical strengthening of personnel, although structural limitations persisted, especially in rural contexts or those with high socio-cultural complexity. Likewise, an urgent need was identified to standardize protocols for the collection, preservation, and analysis of evidence
This study examined the effectiveness of crime scene reconstruction in Ecuador, assessing its contribution to establishing objective truth within the criminal justice system. The central purpose was to identify how forensic practices, the management of physical evidence, and the incorporation of technologies impacted the quality and accuracy of criminal event reconstruction, as well as the guarantee of due process. To this end, a mixed- methods approach was employed, integrating legal and regulatory document analysis with descriptive statistical analysis. The quantitative component statistically analyzed records of violent deaths from 2015 to 2024 and homicides from 2019 to 2024 from the Ministry of the Interior. The qualitative component was developed through semi-structured interviews with five experts from the Ecuadorian criminal justice system: a specialized prosecutor, a forensic expert, a medical examiner, a judicial police officer, and a criminal judge. The results showed significant progress in the adoption of technological tools, greater inter- institutional coordination, and the technical strengthening of personnel, although structural limitations persisted, especially in rural contexts or those with high socio-cultural complexity. Likewise, an urgent need was identified to standardize protocols for the collection, preservation, and analysis of evidence
Descripción
Palabras clave
Escena del Crimen, Reconstrucción, Efectividad, Ecuador, Código Orgánico Integral Penal
Citación
Aguilera, J. F. y Benalcázar, N. I. (2025). La Efectividad de la Investigación en casos de Reconstrucción de la Escena del Crimen en Ecuador. Maestría en Derecho Penal mención Derecho Procesal Penal. Universidad de Otavalo.



