Propuesta de Prevención de uso y consumo de Sustancias Adictivas en Adolescentes de 15 a 17 años en la "Unidad Educativa Sarance"
Fecha
2025-10
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
La presencia de conductas adictivas relacionadas con sustancias en la población adolescente constituye una problemática creciente en Ecuador, afectando negativamente su desarrollo académico, social y personal. En la Unidad Educativa Sarance, se ha evidenciado un incremento de casos en estudiantes de 15 a 17 años, lo que revela la limitada efectividad de las campañas preventivas generales aplicadas. Ante esta situación, se planteó como objetivo general diseñar una propuesta de prevención del consumo de sustancias adictivas en adolescentes. La metodología tuvo una revisión bibliográfica con enfoque mixto, a nivel descriptivo y exploratorio a través de una investigación de campo. Se aplicaron encuestas a 19 docentes de bachillerato. A partir de los datos recolectados se elaboró un análisis y como resultado se diseñó una propuesta de prevención que incluyó talleres formativos, campañas de sensibilización, actividades con familias y docentes, así como un sistema de evaluación de satisfacción lo cual respondió de manera pertinente a los factores identificados, fortaleciendo el entorno educativo y promoviendo una cultura preventiva más efectiva y contextualizada. En conclusión, esto permitió identificar factores de riesgo en tres dimensiones: individual, familiar y social. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes destacan la presión de grupo, dificultades de concentración, ausencia de acompañamiento familiar y violencia intrafamiliar.
The presence of addictive behaviors related to substance use among adolescents is a growing concern in Ecuador, negatively impacting their academic, social, and personal development. At Unidad Educativa Sarance, an increase in substance-related cases among students aged 15 to 17 has been observed, highlighting the limited effectiveness of general preventive campaigns. In response to this situation, the general objective was to design a prevention proposal targeting adolescent substance use. The methodology involved a bibliographic review with a mixed-methods approach, at a descriptive and exploratory level, through field research. Surveys were conducted with 19 high school teachers. Based on the collected data, an analysis was carried out, resulting in the design of a comprehensive prevention proposal that included training workshops, awareness campaigns, and activities involving families and teachers, as well as a satisfaction evaluation system. This approach addressed the identified factors in a relevant manner, strengthening the educational environment and promoting a more effective and context-based preventive culture. In conclusion, this made it possible to identify risk factors across three dimensions: individual, family, and social. Among the most relevant findings were peer pressure, concentration difficulties, lack of family support, and domestic violence.
The presence of addictive behaviors related to substance use among adolescents is a growing concern in Ecuador, negatively impacting their academic, social, and personal development. At Unidad Educativa Sarance, an increase in substance-related cases among students aged 15 to 17 has been observed, highlighting the limited effectiveness of general preventive campaigns. In response to this situation, the general objective was to design a prevention proposal targeting adolescent substance use. The methodology involved a bibliographic review with a mixed-methods approach, at a descriptive and exploratory level, through field research. Surveys were conducted with 19 high school teachers. Based on the collected data, an analysis was carried out, resulting in the design of a comprehensive prevention proposal that included training workshops, awareness campaigns, and activities involving families and teachers, as well as a satisfaction evaluation system. This approach addressed the identified factors in a relevant manner, strengthening the educational environment and promoting a more effective and context-based preventive culture. In conclusion, this made it possible to identify risk factors across three dimensions: individual, family, and social. Among the most relevant findings were peer pressure, concentration difficulties, lack of family support, and domestic violence.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sustancias Adictivas, Uso y Consumo, Factores de Riesgo, Prevención, Adolescentes
Citación
Rodríguez, C. J. (2025). Propuesta de Prevención de uso y consumo de Sustancias Adictivas en Adolescentes de 15 a 17 años en la "Unidad Educativa Sarance" Psicología Educativa. Universidad de Otavalo.



