Discapacidad intelectual y desarrollo cognitivo en los primeros años de vida.
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
El periodo inicial de la vida, en los años 60 y 70, la discapacidad intelectual fue considerada como un tabú. Incluso, desde el punto de vista religioso, se ha considerado a las personas con discapacidad intelectual como poseídas o endemoniadas y, desde el punto de vista médico, como una enfermedad. Especialmente los primeros años, constituye una etapa crítica en el desarrollo humano, donde se gestan las bases fundamentales que moldearán el futuro de cada individuo. En este contexto, el desarrollo cognitivo juega un papel central, influyendo en la capacidad de aprender, comprender y procesar información a lo largo de la vida. Sin embargo, para algunos niños, este proceso se ve desafiado por la presencia de discapacidades intelectuales, marcando un camino único en su trayectoria de desarrollo. La discapacidad intelectual, caracterizada por limitaciones significativas en el funcionamiento intelectual y en las habilidades adaptativas, puede presentarse desde los primeros años de vida. Este fenómeno plantea interrogantes cruciales sobre cómo se desarrolla la cognición en niños que enfrentan estas barreras, así como sobre las estrategias y apoyos necesarios para maximizar su potencial. Comprender el entrelazamiento entre discapacidad intelectual y desarrollo cognitivo en la infancia es esencial para diseñar intervenciones tempranas efectivas y fomentar la inclusión social. En esta exploración, examinaremos las dimensiones clave del desarrollo cognitivo en la primera infancia y analizaremos cómo la presencia de discapacidades intelectuales puede influir en estos procesos. Además, nos sumergiremos en la importancia de identificar y abordar estas condiciones en las etapas iniciales, buscando así proporcionar un marco sólido para comprender y apoyar a los niños que enfrentan desafíos en su desarrollo cognitivo.
In the early years of life, in the 1960s and 1970s, intellectual disability was considered a taboo. Even from a religious perspective, people with intellectual disabilities have been considered as possessed or demonic, and from a medical perspective, as a disease. The early years in particular constitute a critical stage in human development, where the fundamental foundations that will shape the future of each individual are formed. In this context, cognitive development plays a central role, influencing the ability to learn, understand and process information throughout life. However, for some children, this process is challenged by the presence of intellectual disabilities, marking a unique path in their developmental trajectory. Intellectual disability, characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills, can occur from the first years of life. This phenomenon raises crucial questions about how cognition develops in children who face these barriers, as well as about the strategies and supports necessary to maximize their potential. Understanding the intertwining of intellectual disability and cognitive development in early childhood is essential to designing effective early interventions and fostering social inclusion. In this exploration, we will examine key dimensions of cognitive development in early childhood and discuss how the presence of intellectual disabilities can influence these processes. In addition, we will dive into the importance of identifying and addressing these conditions at early stages, seeking to provide a robust framework for understanding and supporting children facing challenges in their cognitive development.
In the early years of life, in the 1960s and 1970s, intellectual disability was considered a taboo. Even from a religious perspective, people with intellectual disabilities have been considered as possessed or demonic, and from a medical perspective, as a disease. The early years in particular constitute a critical stage in human development, where the fundamental foundations that will shape the future of each individual are formed. In this context, cognitive development plays a central role, influencing the ability to learn, understand and process information throughout life. However, for some children, this process is challenged by the presence of intellectual disabilities, marking a unique path in their developmental trajectory. Intellectual disability, characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills, can occur from the first years of life. This phenomenon raises crucial questions about how cognition develops in children who face these barriers, as well as about the strategies and supports necessary to maximize their potential. Understanding the intertwining of intellectual disability and cognitive development in early childhood is essential to designing effective early interventions and fostering social inclusion. In this exploration, we will examine key dimensions of cognitive development in early childhood and discuss how the presence of intellectual disabilities can influence these processes. In addition, we will dive into the importance of identifying and addressing these conditions at early stages, seeking to provide a robust framework for understanding and supporting children facing challenges in their cognitive development.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Discapacidad Intelectual, Desarrollo Cognitivo, Vida, Infancia
Citación
Chicaiza, I. T. y Guamán, L. C. (2022). Discapacidad intelectual y desarrollo cognitivo en los primeros años de vida. Maestría en Psicopedagogía mención en Neurodesarrollo. Universidad de Otavalo.
