Estrategias metodológicas inclusivas para desarrollar destrezas cognitivas básicas de estudiantes de Educación Básica con discapacidad intelectual moderada.
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2023-08
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
Los estudios de investigadores y organismos especializados en inclusión educativa determinan que el logro de los aprendizajes del alumnado con Discapacidad Intelectual Moderada (DIM), es un problema en todos los niveles educativos y áreas de estudio, Estas dificultades están presentes en estudiantes con esta discapacidad en la Educación General Básica Media (EGBM) de unidades educativas del Distrito17D02 en el cantón Quito, provincia de Pichincha. Entre las causas de este problema se tiene que el profesorado no utiliza estrategias metodológicas inclusivas en los procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje, y desconocen las limitaciones y deficiencias cognitivas de los alumnos con DIM. Frente a este problema se planteó como objetivo de investigación: Establecer si las estrategias metodológicas inclusivas permiten el mejoramiento de las destrezas cognitivas básicas del estudiantado de básica media con discapacidad intelectual. Para el estudio se ejecutó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo – descriptivo y de campo. Para la obtención de datos se utilizó un cuestionario digital, que fue aplicado a 49 docentes que trabaja en este nivel con estudiantes con DIM. El estudio estableció que existe un enfoque distorsionado de lo que es discapacidad, y ejecutan actividades pedagógicas de forma segregada y no incluyente. El profesorado considera que utilizar estrategias metodológicas inclusivas con los principios del Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA) fortalecería la interacción entre pares, y desarrollaría las destrezas cognitivas básicas como: percepción, atención y memoria. La propuesta desarrollada se considera útil porque ayudaría a mejorar la práctica docente, los aprendizajes y la calidad de vida del alumnado con DIM.
Studies by researchers and organizations specialized in educational inclusion determine that the learning achievement of students with Moderate Intellectual Disability (DIM) is a problem at all educational levels and areas of study. These difficulties are present in students with this disability in the General Basic Secondary Education (EGBM) of educational units of District 17D02 in the Quito canton, province of Pichincha. Among the causes of this problem is that teachers do not use inclusive methodological strategies in the teaching-learning process and are unaware of the cognitive limitations and deficiencies of students with IDD. Faced with this problem, the research objective was set as follows: To establish if the inclusive methodological strategies allow the improvement of the basic cognitive skills of students with intellectual disabilities. For the study, a quantitative - descriptive and field research approach was used. A digital questionnaire was used to obtain data, which was applied to forty-nine teachers who work at this level with students with DIM. The study established that there is a distorted approach to disability, and that pedagogical activities are conducted in a segregated and non-inclusive manner. The teachers consider that using inclusive methodological strategies with the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) would strengthen interaction among peers, and develop basic cognitive skills such as: perception, attention and memory. The proposal developed is considered useful because it would help to improve the teaching practice, learning and quality of life of students with IMD
Studies by researchers and organizations specialized in educational inclusion determine that the learning achievement of students with Moderate Intellectual Disability (DIM) is a problem at all educational levels and areas of study. These difficulties are present in students with this disability in the General Basic Secondary Education (EGBM) of educational units of District 17D02 in the Quito canton, province of Pichincha. Among the causes of this problem is that teachers do not use inclusive methodological strategies in the teaching-learning process and are unaware of the cognitive limitations and deficiencies of students with IDD. Faced with this problem, the research objective was set as follows: To establish if the inclusive methodological strategies allow the improvement of the basic cognitive skills of students with intellectual disabilities. For the study, a quantitative - descriptive and field research approach was used. A digital questionnaire was used to obtain data, which was applied to forty-nine teachers who work at this level with students with DIM. The study established that there is a distorted approach to disability, and that pedagogical activities are conducted in a segregated and non-inclusive manner. The teachers consider that using inclusive methodological strategies with the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) would strengthen interaction among peers, and develop basic cognitive skills such as: perception, attention and memory. The proposal developed is considered useful because it would help to improve the teaching practice, learning and quality of life of students with IMD
Descripción
Palabras clave
Inclusión, Estratégias Metodológicas, Destrezas Cognitivas, Discapacidad Intelectual Moderada
Citación
Aguilera, P. Del T. y Aguilera, S. I. (2023). Estrategias metodológicas inclusivas para desarrollar destrezas cognitivas básicas de estudiantes de Educación Básica con discapacidad intelectual moderada. Maestría en Educación Intercultural e Inclusiva. Universidad de Otavalo.