Metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje en preescolares
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Fecha
2023
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
Las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje son técnicas y estrategias que se utilizan para guiar el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En el caso de los preescolares, estas metodologías son fundamentales para lograr un aprendizaje significativo y efectivo. En el ámbito preescolar, se utilizan diferentes metodologías que se adaptan a las necesidades y características de los niños en esta etapa. Entre las metodologías más comunes se encuentra el aprendizaje basado en juegos, que permite a los niños aprender de manera lúdica y natural. También se emplea el aprendizaje cooperativo, donde los niños trabajan en equipo y aprenden de forma colaborativa. Otra metodología que se utiliza es el aprendizaje a través de la exploración, donde se fomenta el descubrimiento y la experimentación para que los niños aprendan de forma autónoma. Además, se utiliza el aprendizaje por proyectos, donde los niños trabajan en un proyecto específico durante un período de tiempo, lo que les permite desarrollar habilidades y competencias específicas. Dado que este estudio se orienta a preescolares ecuatorianos, es conveniente mencionar que existen algunos profesionales nacionales que han contribuido en el campo de la estimulación temprana en preescolares, sin embargo, la difusión de sus obras son escasas, por lo que normalmente se utilizan investigaciones de profesionales extranjeros para abordar aspectos relacionados con el desarrollo cognitivo, emocional y social en la primera infancia. Frente a esto los profesionales ecuatorianos resaltan la importancia de la estimulación temprana a través del juego en el aprendizaje, además consideran el favorecimiento del desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, como la atención, la memoria, el razonamiento lógico, la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico. Mediante actividades adecuadas a su edad, lo que se busca es promover la exploración, la resolución de problemas y el aprendizaje significativo y que, durante la etapa preescolar, los niños desarrollen habilidades emocionales y sociales, como la empatía, el autocontrol, la comunicación y la interacción con los demás.
ABSTRACT Teaching-learning methodologies are techniques and strategies used to guide students' learning processes. In the case of preschoolers, these methodologies are essential to achieve meaningful and effective learning. In the preschool setting, various methodologies are adapted to the needs and characteristics of children at this stage. Among the most common methodologies is game-based learning, which allows children to learn in a playful and natural way. Cooperative learning is also employed, where children work in teams and learn collaboratively. Another methodology used is exploration-based learning, where discovery and experimentation are encouraged, fostering autonomous learning. Additionally, project-based learning is implemented, in which children work on a specific project over a period of time, enabling them to develop specific skills and competencies. Given that this study focuses on Ecuadorian preschoolers, it is worth noting that some national professionals have made contributions to the field of early stimulation in preschoolers. However, the dissemination of their works is limited, and research by foreign professionals is often used to address aspects related to cognitive, emotional, and social development in early childhood. Ecuadorian professionals emphasize the importance of early stimulation through play in learning and highlight the promotion of cognitive skills such as attention, memory, logical reasoning, creativity, and critical thinking. Through age-appropriate activities, the aim is to encourage exploration, problem-solving, and meaningful learning. During the preschool stage, children are also expected to develop emotional and social skills, such as empathy, self-control, communication, and interaction with others.
ABSTRACT Teaching-learning methodologies are techniques and strategies used to guide students' learning processes. In the case of preschoolers, these methodologies are essential to achieve meaningful and effective learning. In the preschool setting, various methodologies are adapted to the needs and characteristics of children at this stage. Among the most common methodologies is game-based learning, which allows children to learn in a playful and natural way. Cooperative learning is also employed, where children work in teams and learn collaboratively. Another methodology used is exploration-based learning, where discovery and experimentation are encouraged, fostering autonomous learning. Additionally, project-based learning is implemented, in which children work on a specific project over a period of time, enabling them to develop specific skills and competencies. Given that this study focuses on Ecuadorian preschoolers, it is worth noting that some national professionals have made contributions to the field of early stimulation in preschoolers. However, the dissemination of their works is limited, and research by foreign professionals is often used to address aspects related to cognitive, emotional, and social development in early childhood. Ecuadorian professionals emphasize the importance of early stimulation through play in learning and highlight the promotion of cognitive skills such as attention, memory, logical reasoning, creativity, and critical thinking. Through age-appropriate activities, the aim is to encourage exploration, problem-solving, and meaningful learning. During the preschool stage, children are also expected to develop emotional and social skills, such as empathy, self-control, communication, and interaction with others.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Educación, Aprendizaje, Enseñanza, Estrategias educativas
Citación
Espinoza, G. B., Quinahuano, L. D. (2023). Metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje en preescolares. Maestría en Psicopedagogía con Mención en Neurodesarrollo. Universidad de Otavalo