Los límites de la justicia indígena: Derechos humanos y debido proceso
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2023-02
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Universidad de Otavalo
Resumen
El presente artículo académico tiene como finalidad analizar, investigar y explicar los límites de la justicia indígena, cuya inexistencia de normas deben regular parámetros mínimos como respeto a derechos humanos y derecho al debido proceso, siendo esta problemática una larga discusión entre pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas y la sociedad “mestiza” en Ecuador. Los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas del Ecuador ejercen la justicia indígena dentro de sus comunidades frente a actos de quebrantamiento del orden social. Ecuador fue el primer país en reconocer a la justicia indígena dentro de su marco constitucional, confirmando el derecho propio de las comunidades indígenas para aplicar la justicia indígena. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue la siguiente: método crítico, cualitativo, descriptivo, se recolectaron datos e información para ser analizados mediante el enfoque cualitativo factible-documental, la técnica de investigación fue el análisis de cuatro casos prácticos ocurridos en la comunidad Kichwa de San Vicente de Topo – Cotacachi y el caso “La Cocha”. La justicia indígena o “justicia runa” (desde cosmovisión indígena), considera el respeto a los derechos humanos y el debido proceso, es de gran importancia garantizar estos derechos a las personas involucradas como son: derecho a la vida, la integridad física, sexual, psicológica, no discriminación y no revictimización.
Abstract This research article aims to analyze, investigate and explain the limits that border indigenous justice, due to the inexistence of norms that regulate minimum parameters such as respect for human rights and the right to due process, being this problem a long discussion between indigenous peoples and nationalities and the "mestizo" society. Since time immemorial, the indigenous peoples and nationalities of Ecuador have exercised indigenous justice within their communities in the event of a breach of the social order, which were sanctioned. Ecuador was the first country to recognize indigenous justice within its constitutional framework, confirming the right of indigenous communities to apply indigenous justice. The research methodology used is: the critical, qualitative, descriptive method, since data and information were collected to be analyzed through the qualitative-documentary approach, the research technique was the analysis of four practical cases occurred in the Kichwa community of San Vicente de Topo - Cotacachi, and the case of "La Cocha" was also taken as a reference. It was concluded that indigenous justice or "runa justice" (as it is understood within the indigenous cosmovision), at the time of the exercise of indigenous justice must consider respect for human rights and due process. It is important to guarantee to those involved and affected persons the right to life, the right to physical, sexual and psychological integrity, the right to non-discrimination and the right to non-revictimization.
Abstract This research article aims to analyze, investigate and explain the limits that border indigenous justice, due to the inexistence of norms that regulate minimum parameters such as respect for human rights and the right to due process, being this problem a long discussion between indigenous peoples and nationalities and the "mestizo" society. Since time immemorial, the indigenous peoples and nationalities of Ecuador have exercised indigenous justice within their communities in the event of a breach of the social order, which were sanctioned. Ecuador was the first country to recognize indigenous justice within its constitutional framework, confirming the right of indigenous communities to apply indigenous justice. The research methodology used is: the critical, qualitative, descriptive method, since data and information were collected to be analyzed through the qualitative-documentary approach, the research technique was the analysis of four practical cases occurred in the Kichwa community of San Vicente de Topo - Cotacachi, and the case of "La Cocha" was also taken as a reference. It was concluded that indigenous justice or "runa justice" (as it is understood within the indigenous cosmovision), at the time of the exercise of indigenous justice must consider respect for human rights and due process. It is important to guarantee to those involved and affected persons the right to life, the right to physical, sexual and psychological integrity, the right to non-discrimination and the right to non-revictimization.
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Palabras clave
Derechos humanos, Tribunal, Derecho, Procedimiento legal
Citación
Pereira, G. S., Pérez, E. M. (2023). Los límites de la justicia indígena: Derechos humanos y debido proceso. Maestría en Derecho procesal y litigación oral. Universidad de Otavalo